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EXTRACTS 

PROM THE 

Memorial Volume 

OF THE 

GUILFORD BATTLE GROUND 
COMPANY, 

GREENSBOROUGH, N. C. 

1894. 



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Site of the Maryland Monument. 



THE MARYLAND BATTLE MONUMENT. 



"fuifti Mas c hi. Parole Fez/tine." 

At a meeting of the Maryland Historical Society, in 
Baltimore, on June 8th, 1891. Professor Edward Graham 
Daves offered a resolution: 

"That this Society inaugurate a movement to erect a 
Monument on the battle field of Guilford Court House 
commemorative of the heroic deeds of the Maryland 
Line on that historic spot." 

The motion was unanimously adopted and Professor 
Daves, General Bradley T. Johnson and W. Hall Harris 
were appointed a Committee to mature plans for this 
purpose. On November 9th the Committee made a report, 
recommending that the scene of the exploits of the Mary- 
land soldiers on Guilford battle field be marked by a Memo- 
rial Stone, with suitable inscriptions, and that the cost be 
defrayed by voluntary subscription among the members 
of the Historical Society. The Committee was instructed 
to carry into effect this recommendation, and it decided 
that the Monument should consist of a rough cubic block 
of Maryland granite, adorned with two bronze tablets, the 
one to contain the Maryland Coat of Arms, and the 
other an inscription of dedication. 

The Guilford Battle Ground Company earnestly favoured 
the undertaking, and at its meeting on March 15th, 
1892, the 1 1 ith anniversary of the battle, voted "that the 
Company extend to the Maryland Historical Society all 
the aid it can in accomplishing its noble purpose." 

During the summer the work was completed, and on 
October 12th, under the supervision of Hon. D. Schenck, 
the stone was placed in position, near the junction of the 
"Bruoe road" and the old "New Garden road," fronting 
the jtost held by the men of the Maryland Line on the 
opp" ite hill, and commanding a view of the field over 



which they twice charged victoriously upon the choicest 
troops of the enemy. 

The ceremony of dedication was held on October 15th. 
The day was beautiful, and the picturesque grounds were 
brilliant with the varied hues of autumn, as well as with 
the red and blue of the National flag and the historic black 
and gold of Maryland. The line of battle was distinctly 
marked, sign-boards indicating the position of every 
regiment engaged, while most fittingly there floated a 
British flag over the spot where Colonel Stuart of the 
Guards fell, in a hand to hand fight with the Maryland 
hero. Captain John Smith. Glancing over the field it 
required but little imagination to people it again with the 
contending hosts, and to follow every movement in that 
supreme hour of conflict. 

At noon an appreciative audience gathered around 
the speaker's stand, where Rev. B. F. Dixf-n, 
President of the Greensboro Female College, opened 
the exercises with a patriotic prayer. The chorus 
sang "My Country, 'tis of Thee " and Judge Schenck 
introduced the orator of the day, Professor t^dward 
Graham Daves, a native of New Bern and resident 
of Baltimore, through whose efforts the Monument was 
erected. The subject of his address was "Mar}-land and 
North Carolina in the Campaign of i/So-'Si," and the 
speaker prefaced it by calling attention to the many 
battles of the Revolution, from Brandywine to Eutaw 
Springs, in which the troops of these two Colonies fought 
side by side. He gave a succinct but clear account of 
the Guilford campaign, and showed the important role 
played by the men of North Carolina and Mar}'land in 
the last act of the great Revolutionary drama. Their 
conduct under the brilliant leadership of Greene decided 
the issue of the war, and the British historian Stedman, 
who was the Commissary General of Cornwallis in this 



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campaign, ackiiowlcclgcs tliat its events "were of so 
momentous importance as to place within the grasp of 
the revolted Colonies the independence and sovereignty 
for which they had been so long contending." This 
scholarly paper of Professor Daves ^vas afterwards read 
before the Maryland Historical Society, on November 
14th, 1892, and is printed in their Fund Publications. 

At the conclusion of this address, "Mar\land, My 
Maryland!" was sung, and then Professor E. A. Alder- 
man, of the North Carolina Industrial College for Girls, 
delivered the response on behalf of the Guilford Battle 
Ground Company^ He dwelt upon the sentiment of 
patriotism and the inspiration that comes from the scenes 
of heroic deeds; he accepted for North Carolina the gift 
from Maryland with reverent gratitude, and prayed that 
the massive granite block, with its legend of "Manly 
Deeds and Womanly Words." may stand forever a fresh 
and sympathetic bond of amity between the proud 
Commonwealth that gave it and the proud Common- 
wealth that received it. 

After the singing of "The Old North State," and the 
presentation of flowers to the speakers by the ladies of 
Greensboro, the whole company marched to the black- 
and-gold enwrapped Monument, where Miss PLdith 
Hagan gracefully recited a poem by Mrs. E. D. Hundley 
on the Battle of Guilford, and on its conclusion the 
Memorial was unveiled to the accompanying music of 
"Honour the Brave," and with greetings of enthusiastic 
applause. 

The huge unhewn stone stands out grandly in its 
rugged simplicity, with which contrasts happily the 
artistic finish of the handsome bronze tablets. A lofty 
pole is planted near by, and from it floats on festal days 
the brilliant heraldic flag which Maryland has inherited 
from the Lords Baltimore. 



4 

MAJOR JOHN DAVES. 

Major John Daves, of Newbern, North Carolina, was* 
born in 1748 in what is now Mecklenburg County, 
Virginia. He was brought when very young to Craven 
County, North Carolina, in which County, on September 
29th, 1750, a grant for six hundred and forty acres of 
land was issued by Governor Gabriel Johnston to his 
uncle, Richard Daves. William Daves also purchased 
land in Craven County as early as March, 1750, and in a 
deed bearing date 30th April, 1754, he is described as 
"late of the Colony of Virginia, but now of 'Newbern 
town.' " 

The ancestors of John Daves were English. The first 
of the name in this country came from London about the 
middle of the 17th century, and settled in Virginia, in 
what was afterwards Chesterfield Count}-; whence his 
descendants moved into the counties to the Southward, 
and into North Carolina. The following extract from 
Smith's Obituary, P. 33, is said to refer to this family: 

"1652, December 24th. Died, John Daves, broaker; 
buried in St. Olave's, Old Jewry. His son, Thomas 
Daves, a bookseller, was afterwards an Alderman, and 
Lord Mayor of London, enriched by the legacy of Hugh 
Audley." To this Daves there is reference, under 
date of November 23rd, 1662, in Bohn's edition of Pepys' 
Diary. 

On 25th October, 1770, John Daves purchased from 
the Commissioners of the town of Newbern the premises 
occupied by him during his lifetime as his homestead; 
an unusual condition of the Commissioners' deed being 
that within eighteen months from the date of its 
execution there should be built on the land "a house at 
least 24x16 feet of stone, brick or frame," a failure to 
cbmply with which made void the conveyance. Shortly 



5 

thereafter he married his first wife, Sally, daut^'luer of 
John Council Bryan, a planter, of which marriage there 
was a son, John, whc^ died in early childhood. 

In the stirring- times previous to the Revolution, and 
during that war, the men of Newbern were active and 
prominent. Her Minute Men, under Caswell, bore a 
conspicuous part in the victorious campaign of Moore's 
Creek, in the vVinter of 1776, and it is said that John 
Daves then served as a private. But the first record we 
have of his services during the Revolution, throughout 
the whole of which he was in the field, is as Quarter- 
master of the Second North Carolina Regiment of the 
Continental Line, June 7th, 1776. This Regiment, with 
the First, participated in the successful defence of 
Charleston, South Carolina, in June, 1776, and the bearing 
and efficiency of the North Carolinians were highly 
commended by General Charles Lee. Soon afterwards 
all the North Carolina Continental Regiments, or 
Battalions, as they were then called, were brigaded 
under command of Brigadier-General James Moore. 
General Moore died in April, 1777, and the command 
devolved upon General Francis Nash, who was trans- 
ferred, with his Brigade, to the army of General 
Washington. These troops acquitted themselves with 
credit at the battle of Brandywine, in September, 1777, 
and were heavily engaged at Germantown, where the>' 
lost General Nash, Colonel Edward Buncombe and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Irwin, of the Fifth Regiment, 
Captain Jacob Turner and many others. John Dave.s, 
who had been commissioned Ensign in the Second 
Regiment, September 30th, 1776, distinguished himself 
in this battle, and his commission as First Lieutenant 
bears its date, October 4th, 1777. With his comrades he 
shared the miseries of the memorable Winter of ^777-7^, 



at Valley Forge, the Brigade being then commanded by 
General Lachlan Mcintosh, of Georgia. 

In June following, by virtue of a resolution of Congress 
passed in May, 1778, the nine Regiments of the Brigade 
were consolidated into four, and many of its officers were 
retired, or assigned to other commands; Lieutenant 
Daves was ainong those retained. 

At Monmouth, in June, 1778, the Brigade was next in 
action, and the winter of 1778—79 was passed at Morris- 
town, New Jersey. Two Companies of the Second 
Regiment formed part of the assaulting column of General 
Anthony Wayne at Stony Point, New York, July i6th, 
1779, and were warmly commended by him for their 
gallant behaviour. Major Hardy Murfree commanded the 
detachment, and Lieutenant Daves, who was severely 
wounded in the attack, is said to have been a volunteer 
in the "Forlorn Hope," led by Lieutenant G'bbon, of 
Pennsylvania, afterwards of Virginia. Lieutenants Daves 
and Gibbon, both of whom subsequently attained the 
title of Major, were ever after intimate friends. 

After his recovery. Lieutenant Daves went with his 
Regiment, in the Spring of 1780, to the relief of 
Charleston, South Carolina, and was made prisoner of 
war at the surrender of that city by General Benjamin 
Lincoln to Sir Henry Clinton, 12th May, 1780. By this 
calamity North Carolina was deprived, at a time of sorest 
need, of all her veteran Continental troops, many of 
whom, including their distinguished General, James 
Hogun, died while prisoners of war. Having been 
exchanged, Lieutenant Daves was assigned, January ist, 
1781, to the Third of the four new Regiments levied to 
supply the places of those lost at Charleston. These 
Regiments, raised and equipped only after incredible 
labor, were not organized in time to bear a part in the 
Guilford campaign, but three of them, constituting the 



Brigade of General Jethro Sunnier, and officered by 
veterans of long experience, won for themselves at 
Eutaw Springs, September 8th, 178 1, the highest enco- 
miums for their bravery and steadiness. In his report of 
the battle, General Greene says of them: "I am at a 
loss which most to admire, the gallantry of the officers 
or the good conduct of the men." 

After the battle of Eutaw, General Sumner was recalled 
to North Carolina to punish and overawe certain bands 
of Tories, one of which, under the notorious David 
Fanning, had captured, at Hillsboro, on September 13th, 
1781, Governor Thomas Burke. Sumner's stay in North 
Carolina was short, for we find him, with his command, 
again in South Larolina, in February, 1782, at Ponpon, 
where, on the 6th of that month, there was a reassign- 
ment of the officers of the North Carolina Line, Captain 
John Daves— for on the day of the battle of Eutaw 
Springs he had been promoted to that rank — retaining 
his position in the Third Regiment. 

In April, 1782, Captain Daves married at Halifax, 
North Carolina, Mary Haynes, then in the thirty-first 
year of her age. She was the widow of Oroondatis 
Davis, of that place, and daughter of Andrew Haynes. 
Her mother, Anne Eaton, was a daughter of William 
Eaton, of Bute, (Warren) County, and Mary Rives, of 
Virginia, his wife. 

Upon the reduction of the Continental Army in January, 
1783, Captain Daves and most of his fellow officers were 
retired, and placed on "waiting orders" until November 
15th, 1783, when, with the return of peace, he was 
mustered out of service. By a resolution of Congress, 
passed in September, 1783, officers of the Continental 
Line, who had served for a certain length of time, were 
promoted one grade "by Brevet." The promotion, which 
was honorary only, was in recognition of long and faithful 



s'ervi'ce, and it was probably to this resolution that 
Captain Daves owed his title of Major, by which he was 
always known after the war. 

The State Society of the Cincinnati, composed of 
officers of the Continental Line, was organized at 
Hillsboro, in October, 1783, with General Jethro Sumner 
as President, and Rev. Adam Boyd as Secretary. Major 
Daves was one of the original members of the Society — 
5ixtv-tvvo in all — but unfortunately it was short-lived. 
Public sentiment in this State, and elsewhere, was 
adverse to the Society at that time, and nothing is known 
of its existence since 1790. Its interesting records are 
probably lost, but it was represented in the meetings of 
tlie General Society, held in Philadelphia, in 1784, 1787 
and 1790, when it disappears from the record. The 
names and rank of its original members have, however, 
been preserved.* 

Major Daves was elected Collector of the Port of 
Beaufort, "with office at Newbern," by the Legislature, 
which sat at Hillsboro, in April, 1784, and at the same 
session an Act was passed authorizing the Continental 
Congress to collect duties on all foreign merchandise 
entering at the ports of the State. But in 1789 the State 
ratified the Constitution of the United States, and that 
prerogative having thereby passed to the General Gov- 
ernment, President V/ashington appointed John Daves, 
on the 9th of February, 1790, Collector of the Port of 
Newbern, and on the 6th of March, 1792, advanced him to 
"Inspector of Surveys and Ports of No. 2 District — Port 
of Newbern," an office held by him until his resignation 
in January, 1800. 

In May, 1787, Major Daves was elected one of the 
"Commissioners of the Town of Newbern," a body 

•University Magazine, No. 6, Mav, i8g3, and January, 1894. 



which, at that time and previously, had, in addition to 
its other powers, authority "To Grant, Convey and 
Acknowledge in Fee, to any ])erson requesting the same, 
anv lot or lots in the said town, not already taken up and 
save I." Many conveyances of these Commissioners are 
registered in the County of Craven. 

An Act of Assembly, passed in 1789, appointed John 
Daves and others vestrymen of Christ Church Parish, 
Newbern, a parish originally established by law in 171 5, 
and first called Craven Parish, This Act was merely in 
the nature of a new incorporation, an 1 for Church purposes 
on!'/, whereas the vestries of Colonial days had been 
clothed with many of the powers of our County Commis- 
sioners. 

Major John Daves died in Newbern on the 12th of 
October, 1S04, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. He 
was buried in that town, in Cedar Grove Cemetery, with 
military and Masonic honors, and rested there until 
June, 1893, when his remains and the handsome monu- 
ment shown in our engraving were transferred by his 
grandsons, Edward Graham and Graham Daves, to 
Guilford Battle Field, where, in the perpetual and tender 
care of the Battle Ground Association, they now repose. 
Meet resting place, where sleep old comrades and 
former friends, for him whom his epitaph so well 
describes as 

"One of the well tried Patriots of our Revolutionary War." 

His widow survived Major Daves eighteen years. 
Their children were Sally Eaton, Mrs. Morgan Jones, 
whose many descendants are now in Arkansas and 
Mississippi; Ann Rebecca, Mrs. Josiah Collins, of 
Edenton, North Carolina; John Pugh Daves, whose 
children still live in Newbern, and Thomas Haynes 
Daves, whose numerous posterity live in Alabama and 
Mississippi. 



lO 
EDWARD GRAHAM DAVES. 

Edward Graham Daves, second son of John Pugh 
Daves and Elizabeth Batchelor Graham, was born in 
New Bern, March 31st, 1833. His grandfathers were 
Major John Daves, a gallant officer of the North Carolina 
Continental Line in the Revolutionary Army, and 
Edward Graham, a leading member of the bar of Craven 
County. Mr. Graham dying just before the birth of his 
grandson, to the latter was given his name. His father 
died when he was but five years of age, and all his after 
training he owed to the wisest and tenderest of mothers. 

His education began at the New Bern Academy, under 
the formal Lancastrian system of Alonzo Attmore, a rigid 
teacher of the i8th century type. Later he had the benefit 
of the genial instruction of Rev. F. M. Hubbard, afterwards 
Professor of Latin at Chapel Hill, and soon showed 
marked taste for the classics, being at the age of twelve 
at the head of his class as a student of Vergil and Cicero. 
His early boyhood was spent at New Bern, amid the 
refining and cultivating influences of the old town, then 
still in the after-glow of its brightest days; and the 
summer holidays were passed at Raleigh with his 
kindred, the family of Hon. William H. Haywood, or at 
Beaufort, at that time a seaside village of marked quaint- 
ness and simplicity in customs and character. 

This first phase in the life of young Daves ended in 
1847, when he was invited to the plantation of his cousin, 
Josiah Collins, on Lake Scuppernong, Washington 
County, there to prepare for College under private tutors. 
Mr. Collins was a man of wealth and culture, and his 
home was a centre of refinement and hospitality. The 
plantation was a type of the best Southern life of that 
day; every detail of the management was admirably 
systematized, and the government was like that of a 



II 

perfectly organized principality under a mild and benefi- 
cent autocratic rule. The only neighbours were the 
Pettigrevv family, and society had to be sought within 
the house, which in winter was filled with guests. For 
the children's education there was a resident instructor 
in English, the classics and mathematics, and another in 
French, German and music. Love of God, love of 
kindred, and love of country were diligently inculcated, 
and the standard of gentlemanlike conduct was that of 
Sir Philip Sidney — "High erected thoughts seated in the 
heart of courtesy." 

After three fruitful years passed amidst these surround- 
ings, Daves entered Harvard at the age of seventeen. 
This was his first glimpse of the outer world, and the 
change was great from the atmosphere of a Carolina 
plantation to that of a New England town. Harvard 
was then a mere College with a fixed curriculum; there 
were about three hundred undergraduate students and as 
many more in the professional schools, while now the 
total number in the University is more than three 
thousand. The Southerners were very few, but their 
influence in College life was out of proportion to their 
numbers. The President was Jared Sparks, the pioneer 
explorer among the archives of American history, and 
in the Faculty were Peirce, the great mathematician, and 
Longfellow. Among the students were President Eliot, 
Bishop Perry, Furness the Shakesperean, the younger 
Agassiz and Phillips Brooks. 

A diligent student and of social tastes, Daves was popu- 
lar with his associates, and was chosen President of various 
College Societies and Marshal of his class. In classical 
studies he was especially proficient, and he had the 
advantage of admirable instruction from Sophocles, a 
native Greek, the most thorough of teachers, and a 
perfect master of all Hellenic lore. Graduating in 1854 



12 

with second honours, and with a prize for oratory, he 
entered the Harvard Law School, where he occupied 
himself both with legal studies and private teaching. He 
left Cambridge in 1856 with the d'egree of Bachelor of 
Laws, and after a short time spent in the office of Brown 
& Brune, in Baltimore, was admitted to the Maryland 
bar. Just then came the unexpected and flattering 
announcement of his election to the Greek Professorship 
at Trinity College, Hartford; the temptation was too 
strong for resistance, and law books were laid aside for 
his favorite classics. 

For five years he devoted himself to the duties of this 
position with diligence and success, and in the spring of 
l86i he sailed for Europe. Attending lectures for a 
short while at the University of Bonn, in the autumn he 
settled in Berlin. It was a most interesting historic 
epoch in the North German capital. William had just 
been crowned King of Prussia, and the initial measures 
of his memorable reign were the appointment of the then 
little-known Bismarck as Prime Minister, and the 
perfecting of that admirable army organization which 
was destined to revolutionize the military system of 
Europe. The intelligent looker-on in Berlin in that 
winter of 1 861 -'62 could see the rising of the curtain on 
the great political drama of our generation, the denoue- 
ment of which was the unification of Germany, the 
conquest of France, the founding of the Germanic Empire, 
the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy, and the 
downfall of the thousand-year-old edifice of Papal 
temporal power. 

Daves travelled much in Germany, studying and 
teaching, and. moved to Paris in the spring of 1863, a 
brilliant moment at the French capital. Louis Napoleon, 
flushed with his victories in the Crimea and in Italy, was 
posing as the arbiter of Europe, and the Court of the 




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13 

Tuileries was the centre of highest political interest. 
The Empress Eugenie, then at the meridian of her beauty 
and charm, was the acknowledged Queen of taste and 
fasliion, and around lier throne were fluttering the 
butterflies of every clime. Xo eye could then see the 
handwriting on the wall, though the Emperor had 
already made his first great mistake, and, reckoning 
confidently on the success of the Confederate cause in 
Amicrica, was wasting the resources of France in the 
Utopian scheme of founding a monarchy in Mexico. 

After a year spent in France Daves made his home in 
Vevey on the Lake of Geneva, and there established a 
private school for American boys. Five years were here 
passed in successful teaching, the routine life being 
broken by frequent journeys. In 1865 a month was spent 
at Rome, then still under Papal sway. It was that 
interesting period so vividly depicted in Crawford's 
Saracinesca. Pio Nono had returned from exile with his 
ardour for reform completely chilled, and had thrown 
himself fully into the arms of the Jesuits. Reaction 
reigned supreme; every liberal aspiration was suppressed, 
and \ntonelli ruled the State with the skilful craft of a 
Machiavelli. The city was strongly garrisoned by 
French troops, on whose bayonets rested the Papal 
throne. The people, kept under control by stringent 
police regulations, seemed content and submissive, but 
many an incident showed that beneath the calm surface 
were dangerous elements of resistance and rebellion. 
At the races on the Campagna an English jockey 
happened to combine in his costume red, white and 
green, the colours of the new kingdom of Italy, and his 
appearance was the signal for demonstrations of wild 
enthusiasm. He won the race; and when the mob saw 
the proscribed Italian colours borne to the front, it could 
no longer brook restraint. The barriers were broken 



14 

down, the crowd swarmed over the track, and tried to 
carry off both horse and rider in triumph. A riot ensued, 
and l-Jome's prisons that night were filled with the leaders 
of the insurgent populace. 

The World's Fair of 1867 attracted all travellers to 
Paris. The Second Empire seemed at the pinnacle of 
glory, though already Maximilian lay dead at Queretaro, 
and the bloody field of Koeniggraetz had shown 
Prussia to be the first military power of the world. The 
sovereigns, statesmen and illustrious men of every 
country in Europe crowded the French capital, and were 
entertained with great military pageants intended to 
prove that France was invincible in arms. Baron 
Haussman's extravagance had made the city a marvel of 
beauty; society was never gayer or more brilliant; and 
the mere "looker-on in Vienna" left the capital of 
pleasure with the impression that France was alike happy 
in her social conditions and powerful in her political and 
military organization. 

In 1869 Daves moved with his pupils from Vevey to 
Florence, and took an apartment on the Piazza Pitti, 
from which, like Mrs. Browning from the neighbouring 
Casa Guidi windows, he could in fancy watch the 
succession of important events in the royal palace across 
the square, which had become the centre of Italian life 
and aspiration. Victor Emmanuel, the rough soldier- 
king, could be daily seen on the streets, greeted every- 
where with respect and affection, for he had kept the 
vow made on the fatal field of Novara, and the cross of 
Savoy had led the Italians to victory and independence. 
When the Princess Margherita arrived in Florence as the 
bride of Prince Umberto, the whole city blossomed out 
into daisies in honour of her name, and the emblematic 
flower was seen everywhere, adorning bonnets, em- 
broidered on gowns, or moulded into jewelry. On a 



15 

dark snowy morning when she was holding; a reception 
at the Pitti, the people crowded the Piazza and filled the 
air with vivas. She stepped out upon the balcony and 
stood for a moment bowinij to the po[)ulace, her fair 
form in bridal dress standing out in. bold relief from the 
dark- background of the old palace, while the snow was 
falling upon her bare head and shoulders. A symbol of 
Italy coming forth in renewed youth and beauty from the 
storms of revolution, and behind her the gloomy grandeur 
of her historic past. 

On a summer journey in 1870, Daves reached Paris just 
as the tidings came of the choice of a Hohenzollern to 
the vacant throne of Spain. The effect was most dramatic ; 
the long-sought pretext for war was found, and all 
France went wild with excitement. Crowds gathered in 
the streets singing the Marseillaise and shouting "To 
Berlin! To Berlin!" and hardly a voice was raised to 
check the madness of the hour. The ignorance and 
infatuation of the authorities were criminal; none knew 
the power of Prussia, or how totally unprepared was 
France for the struggle. "We accept the responsibility 
wnth light heart," said the Prime Minister; the army is 
so well equipped, reported the Secretary of War, "that 
we can fight for two years without having to renew a 
shoe-button." 

Passing into Germany, Daves found there also intense 
feeling, but of a very different character; it was the grim 
determation of a great people to make any sacrifice 
rather than submit to further humiliation at the hands of 
a foe to whom they owed generations of wrong and 
suffering. All internal dissensions were hushed in love 
of country, and the patriotic strains of "The Watch on 
the Rhine" were heard from the Baltic to the Alps. It 
was inspiring to note the enthusiasm with which the 
Prussian Crown Prince was greeted as commander of 



i6 

the South German army, which only four years before 
had faced him in the bitter civil war. He entered F"rance 
before the enemy could reach the frontier, and a campaign 
of a single month shattered to ruin the Empire and its 
military power at Sedan. 

Returning to Italy in the autumn, Daves determined 
to travel with pupils in the Orient. Nearly three 
months were spent amidst the wonders of Egypt, and 
thence the journey was taken through the Suez canal 
to Syria, where began tent-life and genuine Eastern mode 
of travel. To transport, shelter and care for the party of 
eleven persons the dragoman provided eight tents, thirty- 
three servants and thirty-nine horses and donkeys. In 
perfect comfort was passed a month of delightful wander- 
ing in the Holy Land; Jerusalem, Bethlehem and 
Nazareth, the Dead Sea, the Jordan and Sea of Galilee 
were visited, and the inspiring journey ended on the 
picturesque heights of Mt. Carmel, whose base is washed 
by the Mediterranean. 

Coasting along the shores of Asia Minor, tlie travellers 
reached Constantinople, the meeting point of the tides of 
Asiatic and European life, and thence returned through 
the islands of the Aegean to Greece. In comparison 
with the civilizations of the East ancient Athens seems 
modern; but standing under the shadow of the Parthenon, 
or at Colonus listening to the nightingales of Sophocles, 
one feels that this is the most sacred shrine for the 
student pilgrim, and that here was done more than in 
any other land for the intellectual elevation of mankind. 
A new city is rising amid the picturesque ruins of the old' 
and with the healthful growth of her University Athens, 
after long dark centuries of slavery, is again radiating her 
beams of sweetness and light. It is a rare pleasure to 
listen to a lecture on Greek art or philosophy in the little 
modified language of Euripides and Plato. 



17 

From the isthmus of Corinth the journey was down 
the Gulf, the dolphins of Arion playing in its blue waters, 
and the sacred slopes of Helicon and Parmassus rising 
from its shores. Out into the Ionian Sea, under the cliff 
of Sappho to Corfu, thence across to Brindisi, where the 
entrance gate to the Appian Way seems to welcome the 
wanderer and to lure him to Rome. But first to Cam- 
pania Felix, the garden of Italy, which in the freshness 
of spring-time looks like an earthly paradise to the eye 
long accustomed to the grey rocks and sands of Egypt 
and Syria. A glimpse of Naples, of Vesuvius and Pom- 
peii, and then to the Eternal City, now become the 
capital of Italy. An audience was granted to Daves by 
Pio Nono, and touched by his refinement and gentleness 
one could but look with respectful compassion on this 
voluntary prisoner of the Vatican. The decree of the 
Council of Jul3^ 1870, promulgating the dogma of the 
Infallibility raised him to a height attained by no mortal; 
but hardly two months later the Italian troops captured 
the Holy City, and the ancient kingly dignity and tem- 
poral power of the Popes were at an end. 

The summer was passed in slowly travelling across 
Europe, taking en route the Tyrol, the wonderful Passion 
Play at Oberammergau, the battle fields of Gravelotte 
and Sedan, Paris, with its ruined palaces — Hei jniln', 
qiiaiitin/i iinttatus ab illo — Rotterdam and London. 
Returning to America, after an absence of ten years, 
Daves settled in Baltimore, and devoted himself to 
private teaching and lecturing on literary topics. 
Recently his interest has centred in Colonial history, 
and he is an active member of the Cincinnati and of the 
Society of the Sons of the Revolution. Through his 
efforts and influence the Monument to the heroes of the 
Maryland Line has been erected on Guilford battle field, 
and he has organized a company for the purchase and 
preservation of Fort Raleigh, on Roanoke Island, the 
birthplace of Anglo-American civilization. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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